ORANG INDIA DI PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU DELI: NARASI FOTO, 1872-1900

Apriani Harahap

Abstract


This article aims to look at the realities of Indian life in Deli tobacco plantations throughout 1872-1900. By using a research method that combines the historical study of East Sumatra plantation communities with the study of Indian coolies photos in the area taken from the Digital Collections Leiden University Libraries website, the reality of Indian coolies' life has never been written by Indonesian historians. The daily reality of Indians captured in photographs is the everyday side of working in Deli tobacco plantations. Differentiation of work, appearance, and settlement based on race is a picture of their lives while living on plantations. While working on plantations, Indian coolies earned an inadequate wage and had to bear the tremendous burden of life. Through photo narration, it can be understood how the reality of daily life of Indians in East Sumatra, which is currently a marginalized group in Indonesian history textbooks.



Keywords


Deli; Indian; Photo Narration; Tobacco Plantation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Azwar, K. D. (2004). Poenale Sanctie: Studi Tentang Globalisasi Ekonomi dan Perubahan Hukum di Sumatera Timur 1870-1950. Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Blink, H. (1918). Sumatra’s Oostkust in hare opkomst en ontwikkeling als economisch gewest: Eene economisch-geographische en –historische studies. Tijdschrift voor Economische Geografie.

Breman, J. (1997). Menjinakkan Sang Kuli; Politik Kolonial, Tuan Kebun dan Kuli di Sumatra Timur pada Awal Abad ke-20. Jakarta: PT. Pusataka Utama Grafis.

Broersma, R. (1919). Ooskust van Sumatra (Eerste). Batavia: Javasche Boekhandel & Drukkerij.

Cate, A. W. N. Ten. (1905). Deli in Woord en Beeld. Amsterdam: De Bussy.

Coedes, G. (2010). Asia Tenggara Masa Hindu-Budha. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.

Cremer, J. T. (1881). De toekomst van Deli. Leiden : Gualth Kolff.

Cremer, J. T. (1885). Emigratie van Hindu’s naar Sumatra. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië. I.

De Sumatra Post, 20 Juni 1889.

Deli Courant, 1 Augustus 1891.

Digital Collections Leiden University Libraries. Retrieved 11th April 2019 from https: //digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl.

Harahap, A. (2014). Voor indiërs: Sejarah Kehidupan Sehari-hari Orang India di Kota Medan Abad ke-20. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Indradjaja, A. (2014). Awal Pengaruh Hindu Buddha Di Nusantara. Kalpataru: Majalah Arkeologi, 3(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v23i1.48

Lekkerkerker, C. (1916). Land en volk van Sumatra. Leiden: N.V. Boekhandel en Drukkerij Voorheen E.J. Brill.

Lubis, Z. B. (2005). Kajian Awal Tentang Komunitas Tamil dan Punjabi di Medan: Adaptasi dan Jaringan Sosial. ETNOVISI: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Budaya, 1(3), 136–146.

Mani, A. (1993). Indian in North Sumatra. In K. S. Sandhu & A. Mani (Ed.), Indian Communities in Southeast Asia (pp. 46–97). Singapore: ISEAS.

Mani, A. (2011). Sikh in Multi-ethnic Indonesia. In Samsul A. B. & Arunajeet Kaur (Ed.), Sikh in Southeast Asia: Negotiating an Identity (pp. 17–42). Singapore: ISEAS.

McKinnon, E. E. (1984). Kota Cina; Its Context and Meaning in the Trade of Southeast Asia in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries. Cornell University.

Pelzer, K. J. (1985). Toean Keboen dan Petani: Politik Kolonial dan Perjuangan Agraria di Sumatra Timur 1863-1947. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.

Sinar, T. L. (2006). Bangun Runtuhnya Kerajaan Sumatera Timur. Medan: Yayasan Kesultanan Serdang.

Sinar, T. L. (2008). Orang India di Sumatera Utara. Medan: Forkala Sumut.

Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indië, No. 133 (1880).

Stoler, A. L. (2005). Kapitalisme dan Konfrontasi di Sabuk Perkebunan Sumatra, 1870-1979. Yogyakarta: Karsa.

Taylor, J. G. (2008). Aceh: Narasi Foto, 1873-1930. In H. S. Nordholt, et.al. (Ed.), Perspektif Baru Penulisan Sejarah Indonesia (pp. 313–372). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Utomo, B. B. (2016). Orang Tamil di Tanah Andalas di Masa Lampau. In I. Azhari (Ed.), 80 Tahun Arkeolog Dr. Edmund Edwards McKinnon: Perintis Riset Kota China sebagai Situs Internasional di Medan (pp. 35–60). Medan: Unimed Press.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jasmerah.v1i2.14548

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 832 times
PDF - 659 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.